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We use and industry standard ISO test chart to measure resolution, shooting the chart at each major ISO increment and testing both raw and JPEG files.
We've compared the performance of the Leica SL against three main rivals:
JPEG resolution analysis: Not surprisingly, the Sony A7R II is way ahead of the rest for resolution, but the Leica SL is in second place. What's especially striking is the way it holds on to its resolution right the way through into the upper ISO ranges, easily beating the Nikon D4S and stretching away from the Sony A7 II at ISO 800 and beyond.
Raw resolution analysis: The result for raw files are closer. The 42.4MP Sony A7R II still has an advantage, but it's much reduced and the Leica SL is not too far behind in second place, catching up with the A7R II at ISO 12,800.